美国疾病控制和预防中心Giuseppina Imperatore研究组调查分析了2011-2016年美国各种族糖尿病患病率。这一研究成果于2019年11月24日发表在国际顶尖学术期刊《美国医学会杂志》上。

在美国，西班牙裔和亚裔美国人中糖尿病的患病率是未知的。

为了评估美国20岁及以上成年人糖尿病患病率的种族/民族差异，研究组对2011-2016年间美国国家健康和营养检查调查中代表非机构化的美国居民人口的横断面样本进行了分析。此前已确诊的糖尿病依据先前诊断，新诊断的糖尿病定义为糖化血红蛋白6.5%及以上，空腹血糖126mg/dL及以上，或餐后2小时血糖200mg/dL及以上。总糖尿病包括此前已确诊和新诊断的糖尿病。

研究组共分析了7575名美国成年人，平均年龄为47.5岁，52%为女性，2860名（65%）为非西班牙裔白人，1636名（11%）为非西班牙裔黑人，1952名（15%）为西班牙裔，909名（6%）为非西班牙裔亚洲人，212名（3%）为非西班牙裔其他人。共有2266人此前已确诊糖尿病，377人新诊断糖尿病。对年龄和性别进行校正后，非西班牙裔白人的总糖尿病患病率为12.1%，非西班牙裔黑人为20.4%，西班牙裔为22.1%，非西班牙裔亚洲人为19.1%。

在西班牙裔成年人中，墨西哥人的总糖尿病患病率为24.6%，波多黎各为21.7%，古巴/多米尼加为20.5%，中美洲为19.3%，南美亚组为12.3%。在非西班牙裔亚洲成年人中，东亚的总糖尿病患病率为14.0%，南亚为23.3%，东南亚亚组为22.4%。非西班牙裔白人中新诊断的糖尿病患病率为3.9%，非西班牙裔黑人为5.2%，西班牙裔为7.5%，非西班牙裔亚洲人为7.5%。

总之，在2011-2016年间进行的这项针对美国成年人的具有全国代表性的调查中，糖尿病和先前未确诊糖尿病的患病率在不同种族/民族以及西班牙裔和非西班牙裔亚组均有所不同。

附：英文原文

Title: Prevalence of Diabetes by Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 2011-2016

Author: Yiling J. Cheng, Alka M. Kanaya, Maria Rosario G. Araneta, Sharon H. Saydah, Henry S. Kahn, Edward W. Gregg, Wilfred Y. Fujimoto, Giuseppina Imperatore

Issue&Volume: 2019/12/24

Abstract: 

Importance  The prevalence of diabetes among Hispanic and Asian American subpopulations in the United States is unknown.

Objective  To estimate racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of diabetes among US adults 20 years or older by major race/ethnicity groups and selected Hispanic and non-Hispanic Asian subpopulations.

Design, Setting, and Participants  National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2011-2016, cross-sectional samples representing the noninstitutionalized, civilian, US population. The sample included adults 20 years or older who had self-reported diagnosed diabetes during the interview or measurements of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG).

Exposures  Race/ethnicity groups: non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic and Hispanic subgroups (Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban/Dominican, Central American, and South American), non-Hispanic Asian and non-Hispanic Asian subgroups (East, South, and Southeast Asian), and non-Hispanic other.

Main Outcomes and Measures  Diagnosed diabetes was based on self-reported prior diagnosis. Undiagnosed diabetes was defined as HbA1c 6.5% or greater, FPG 126 mg/dL or greater, or 2hPG 200 mg/dL or greater in participants without diagnosed diabetes. Total diabetes was defined as diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes.

Results  The study sample included 7575 US adults (mean age, 47.5 years; 52% women; 2866 [65%] non-Hispanic white, 1636 [11%] non-Hispanic black, 1952 [15%] Hispanic, 909 [6%] non-Hispanic Asian, and 212 [3%] non-Hispanic other). A total of 2266 individuals had diagnosed diabetes; 377 had undiagnosed diabetes. Weighted age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of total diabetes was 12.1% (95% CI, 11.0%-13.4%) for non-Hispanic white, 20.4% (95% CI, 18.8%-22.1%) for non-Hispanic black, 22.1% (95% CI, 19.6%-24.7%) for Hispanic, and 19.1% (95% CI, 16.0%-22.1%) for non-Hispanic Asian adults (overall P < .001). Among Hispanic adults, the prevalence of total diabetes was 24.6% (95% CI, 21.6%-27.6%) for Mexican, 21.7% (95% CI, 14.6%-28.8%) for Puerto Rican, 20.5% (95% CI, 13.7%-27.3%) for Cuban/Dominican, 19.3% (95% CI, 12.4%-26.1%) for Central American, and 12.3% (95% CI, 8.5%-16.2%) for South American subgroups (overall P < .001). Among non-Hispanic Asian adults, the prevalence of total diabetes was 14.0% (95% CI, 9.5%-18.4%) for East Asian, 23.3% (95% CI, 15.6%-30.9%) for South Asian, and 22.4% (95% CI, 15.9%-28.9%) for Southeast Asian subgroups (overall P = .02). The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 3.9% (95% CI, 3.0%-4.8%) for non-Hispanic white, 5.2% (95% CI, 3.9%-6.4%) for non-Hispanic black, 7.5% (95% CI, 5.9%-9.1%) for Hispanic, and 7.5% (95% CI, 4.9%-10.0%) for non-Hispanic Asian adults (overall P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance  In this nationally representative survey of US adults from 2011 to 2016, the prevalence of diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes varied by race/ethnicity and among subgroups identified within the Hispanic and non-Hispanic Asian populations.

DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.19365

Source: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2757817