研究人员引入了一个数学框架，将生物多样性理论和种群遗传学联系起来，用于了解随着栖息地的减少，自然发生的DNA变异的损失。通过分析20个植物和动物物种的10095个地理参考个体的基因组变异，研究人员表明全基因组的多样性遵循突变-面积关系幂律与地理区域的关系，这可以预测局部种群灭绝的遗传多样性损失。研究人员估计，许多受威胁和非受威胁物种的遗传多样性可能已经损失了10%以上，超过了联合国2020年后的遗传保护目标。
据了解，人类活动造成的栖息地损失和气候变化正在缩小物种的地理范围，增加物种灭绝的风险和物种遗传多样性的损失。尽管保护遗传多样性是保持物种适应性的关键，但人们缺乏预测工具和对整个生态系统遗传多样性损失的全球估计。
附：英文原文
Title: Genetic diversity loss in the Anthropocene
Author: Moises Exposito-Alonso, Tom R. Booker, Lucas Czech, Lauren Gillespie, Shannon Hateley, Christopher C. Kyriazis, Patricia L. M. Lang, Laura Leventhal, David Nogues-Bravo, Veronica Pagowski, Megan Ruffley, Jeffrey P. Spence, Sebastian E. Toro Arana, Clemens L. Wei, Erin Zess
Issue&Volume: 2022-09-23
Abstract: Anthropogenic habitat loss and climate change are reducing species’ geographic ranges, increasing extinction risk and losses of species’ genetic diversity. Although preserving genetic diversity is key to maintaining species’ adaptability, we lack predictive tools and global estimates of genetic diversity loss across ecosystems. We introduce a mathematical framework that bridges biodiversity theory and population genetics to understand the loss of naturally occurring DNA mutations with decreasing habitat. By analyzing genomic variation of 10,095 georeferenced individuals from 20 plant and animal species, we show that genome-wide diversity follows a mutations-area relationship power law with geographic area, which can predict genetic diversity loss from local population extinctions. We estimate that more than 10% of genetic diversity may already be lost for many threatened and nonthreatened species, surpassing the United Nations’ post-2020 targets for genetic preservation.
DOI: abn5642
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn5642