西班牙马德里天体生物学中心的Rodriguez-Manfredi, J. A，巴斯克大学的Sanchez-Lavega, A和美国加州理工学院de la Torre Juarez, M联合团队，观测火星上超过250个索尔的第一个陨石坑Jezero的不同气象学现象。这一研究成果发表在2023年1月9日出版的国际学术期刊《自然—地球科学》上。

小组展示了仪器运行前250索尔的测量结果，揭示了Jezero陨石坑在空间和时间上变化的气象学现象。研究显示，在四个高度点上的温度测量能捕捉到大气表层对多种现象的响应。课题组人员观察到从稳定的夜间热逆温到白天高度湍流的对流状态的转变，具有较大的垂直热梯度。对多个日光学深度的测量表明，上午的气溶胶浓度高于下午。测得的风型主要由局部地形驱动，区域风也有少量贡献。相对湿度的日变化和季节变化表现出复杂的水文循环。

观测结果表明，一些局部表面性质的变化，如表面反照率和热惯性，发挥了重要作用。在更大的尺度上，地表压力测量显示出重力波和斜压涡的典型特征，这部分季节周期以前被描述为低波动活动。这些观察，结合起来或同时进行，揭示了驱动今天Jezero陨石坑火星表面变化的过程的多样性。

附：英文原文

Title: The diverse meteorology of Jezero crater over the first 250 sols of Perseverance on Mars

Author: Rodriguez-Manfredi, J. A., de la Torre Juarez, M., Sanchez-Lavega, A., Hueso, R., Martinez, G., Lemmon, M. T., Newman, C. E., Munguira, A., Hieta, M., Tamppari, L. K., Polkko, J., Toledo, D., Sebastian, E., Smith, M. D., Jaakonaho, I., Genzer, M., De Vicente-Retortillo, A., Viudez-Moreiras, D., Ramos, M., Saiz-Lopez, A., Lepinette, A., Wolff, M., Sullivan, R. J., Gomez-Elvira, J., Apestigue, V., Conrad, P. G., Del Rio-Gaztelurrutia, T., Murdoch, N., Arruego, I., Banfield, D., Boland, J., Brown, A. J., Ceballos, J., Dominguez-Pumar, M., Espejo, S., Fairn, A. G., Ferrandiz, R., Fischer, E., Garcia-Villadangos, M., Gimenez, S., Gomez-Gomez, F., Guzewich, S. D., Harri, A.-M., Jimenez, J. J., Jimenez, V., Makinen, T., Marin, M., Martin, C., Martin-Soler, J., Molina, A., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Navarro, S., Peinado, V., Perez-Grande, I., Pla-Garcia, J., Postigo, M., Prieto-Ballesteros, O., Rafkin, S. C. R., Richardson, M. I., Romeral, J., Romero, C., Savijrvi, H., Schofield, J. T., Torres, J., Urqui, R., Zurita, S.

Issue&Volume: 2023-01-09

Abstract: NASA’s Perseverance rover’s Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer is collecting data at Jezero crater, characterizing the physical processes in the lowest layer of the Martian atmosphere. Here we present measurements from the instrument’s first 250 sols of operation, revealing a spatially and temporally variable meteorology at Jezero. We find that temperature measurements at four heights capture the response of the atmospheric surface layer to multiple phenomena. We observe the transition from a stable night-time thermal inversion to a daytime, highly turbulent convective regime, with large vertical thermal gradients. Measurement of multiple daily optical depths suggests aerosol concentrations are higher in the morning than in the afternoon. Measured wind patterns are driven mainly by local topography, with a small contribution from regional winds. Daily and seasonal variability of relative humidity shows a complex hydrologic cycle. These observations suggest that changes in some local surface properties, such as surface albedo and thermal inertia, play an influential role. On a larger scale, surface pressure measurements show typical signatures of gravity waves and baroclinic eddies in a part of the seasonal cycle previously characterized as low wave activity. These observations, both combined and simultaneous, unveil the diversity of processes driving change on today’s Martian surface at Jezero crater.

DOI: 10.1038/s41561-022-01084-0

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-022-01084-0