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多体局域化探针的单光子下转换
作者:小柯机器人 发布时间:2023/1/30 10:35:30


美国马里兰大学Vladimir E. Manucharyan团队取得一项新突破。他们提出了多体局域化探针的单光子下转换。相关论文发表在2023年1月25日出版的《自然》杂志上。

本文使用超导多模腔实现了这样的实验,其非线性被剪裁为强烈违反光子数守恒。由此产生的相互作用试图将单光子激发转化为低能量光子簇,但由于多体局域化机制而失败,这表现为在空腔驻波模式频率下的多粒子谐振的显著光谱精细结构。每个谐振都被确定为由宽频率范围的光子组成的多体辐射状态,不遵守费米的黄金法则理论。他们的结果引入了一个新的平台,可以探索多体局域化的基本原理,而不必控制许多原子或量子位。

据介绍,一个粒子衰变为更多粒子是相互作用量子系统中普遍存在的现象,发生在对撞机、核反应堆或固体中。在非线性介质中,即使是单个光子也会以费米黄金法则给出的速率,通过向下转换(分裂)衰变成总能量相同的低频光子而衰变。但是,如果介质是有限的且只支持量子化模式,则不能精确地匹配能量守恒条件。在这种情况下,光子的命运就成为了长期存在的多体局域化问题之一,最初是作为一个gedanken实验来描述一个单一费米液体准粒子的生命周期,该实验被限制在一个量子点中。

附:英文原文

Title: Down-conversion of a single photon as a probe of many-body localization

Author: Mehta, Nitish, Kuzmin, Roman, Ciuti, Cristiano, Manucharyan, Vladimir E.

Issue&Volume: 2023-01-25

Abstract: Decay of a particle into more particles is a ubiquitous phenomenon to interacting quantum systems, taking place in colliders, nuclear reactors or solids. In a nonlinear medium, even a single photon would decay by down-converting (splitting) into lower-frequency photons with the same total energy1, at a rate given by Fermi’s golden rule. However, the energy-conservation condition cannot be matched precisely if the medium is finite and only supports quantized modes. In this case, the fate of the photon becomes the long-standing question of many-body localization, originally formulated as a gedanken experiment for the lifetime of a single Fermi-liquid quasiparticle confined to a quantum dot2. Here we implement such an experiment using a superconducting multimode cavity, the nonlinearity of which was tailored to strongly violate the photon-number conservation. The resulting interaction attempts to convert a single photon excitation into a shower of low-energy photons but fails owing to the many-body localization mechanism, which manifests as a striking spectral fine structure of multiparticle resonances at the standing-wave-mode frequencies of the cavity. Each resonance was identified as a many-body state of radiation composed of photons from a broad frequency range and not obeying Fermi’s golden rule theory. Our result introduces a new platform to explore the fundamentals of many-body localization without having to control many atoms or qubits3,4,5,6,7,8,9.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05615-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05615-y

期刊信息

Nature:《自然》,创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:69.504
官方网址:http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接:http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html

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