老挝黄金赌场自动化研究所Tianzi Jiang等研究人员合作报道了猕猴脑连接组图谱。相关论文于2024年3月15日在线发表在《科学通报》杂志上。

研究人员根据高角度和空间分辨率的体外弥散核磁共振成像数据提供的解剖连接图谱，绘制了新的全脑图谱——猕猴脑连接组图谱（MacBNA）。新图谱由248个皮层区域和56个皮层下区域及其结构和功能连接组成。研究人员利用侵入性神经元追踪和Nissl染色图像对解析和基于扩散的牵引成像进行了评估。

作为一项示范应用，研究人员利用猕猴和人类大脑的连接组图谱绘制了这两个物种大脑结构连接的差异图，以揭示大脑结构演化改变的遗传基础。由此产生的资源包括 (1) 彻底描绘的猕猴脑连接组图谱（MacBNA），(2) 区域连接图谱，(3) 死后高分辨率猕猴弥散和T2加权MRI数据集（脑连接组-8），以及 (4) 从一只猕猴身上收集的多对比MRI、神经元追踪和组织学图像。

MacBNA可作为一个共同的参考框架，用于绘制跨模式和空间尺度的多方面特征图，以及大脑组织和功能的综合研究和特征描述。因此，它将丰富非人灵长类的合作资源平台，促进转化和比较神经科学研究。

研究人员表示，猕猴（Macaca mulatta）是一种重要的实验动物，在遗传、大脑组织和行为特征方面与人类有许多相似之处。猕猴脑图谱是生物医学和演化研究的基础。然而，尽管连接对于了解大脑功能至关重要，但以前还没有基于连接的猕猴全脑图谱。

附：英文原文

Title: Macaque brainnetome atlas: A multifaceted brain map with parcellation, connection, and histology

Author: anonymous

Issue&Volume: 2024/03/15

Abstract: The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is a crucial experimental animal that shares many genetic, brain organizational, and behavioral characteristics with humans. A macaque brain atlas is fundamental to biomedical and evolutionary research. However, even though connectivity is vital for understanding brain functions, a connectivity-based whole-brain atlas of the macaque has not previously been made. In this study, we created a new whole-brain map, the macaque brainnetome atlas (MacBNA), based on the anatomical connectivity profiles provided by high angular and spatial resolution ex vivo diffusion MRI data. The new atlas consists of 248 cortical and 56 subcortical regions as well as their structural and functional connections. The parcellation and the diffusion-based tractography were evaluated with invasive neuronal-tracing and Nissl-stained images. As a demonstrative application, the structural connectivity divergence between macaque and human brains was mapped using the Brainnetome atlases of those two species to uncover the genetic underpinnings of the evolutionary changes in brain structure. The resulting resource includes: (1) the thoroughly delineated macaque brainnetome atlas (MacBNA), (2) regional connectivity profiles, (3) the postmortem high-resolution macaque diffusion and T2-weighted MRI dataset (Brainnetome-8), and (4) multi-contrast MRI, neuronal-tracing, and histological images collected from a single macaque. MacBNA can serve as a common reference frame for mapping multifaceted features across modalities and spatial scales and for integrative investigation and characterization of brain organization and function. Therefore, it will enrich the collaborative resource platform for nonhuman primates and facilitate translational and comparative neuroscience research.

DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.03.031

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2095927324001877