近日，德国汉堡大学Preine, Jonas团队人员报道了多旋回岛弧破火山口的危险爆炸性喷发。2024年3月25日，国际知名学术期刊《自然—地球科学》发表了这一成果。

硅质火山系统形成破火山口的喷发是地球上最具破坏性的事件之一。相比之下，崩塌后的火山活动引发新的破火山口循环，通常被认为危害较小。爱琴海南部的卡米尼火山形成于公元前1600年圣托里尼火山喷发后，它使一个多旋回火山口的喷发演化得以重建。卡米尼火山的喷发记录可以追溯到公元前197，已被陆上物质和主要火山喷发的历史描述所记录。

研究人员将高分辨率地震反射数据，与国际海洋发现计划第398次远征采集的4个地点的岩芯岩性相结合，以确定卡米尼火山口内沉积物的海底结构和火山历史。跨海岸分析揭示了海底爆炸喷发的沉积物，产生了高达3.1km³的浮石和火山灰，研究人员认为这与公元前726的一次历史喷发有关。估计的火山爆发指数为5级，超过了之前认为的圣托里尼火山爆发的最坏情况。研究发现，圣托里尼火山口能够在火山口循环的早期阶段产生大规模的爆炸性喷发，这意味着地中海东部地区的潜在危险增加，其他重新注入的硅火山口也可能如此。

附：英文原文

Title: Hazardous explosive eruptions of a recharging multi-cyclic island arc caldera

Author: Preine, Jonas, Karstens, Jens, Hbscher, Christian, Druitt, Tim, Kutterolf, Steffen, Nomikou, Paraskevi, Manga, Michael, Gertisser, Ralf, Pank, Katharina, Beethe, Sarah, Berthod, Carole, Crutchley, Gareth, McIntosh, Iona, Ronge, Thomas, Tominaga, Masako, Clark, Acacia, DeBari, Susan, Johnston, Raymond, Mateo, Zenon, Peccia, Ally, Jones, Christopher, Kletetschka, Gnther, Metcalfe, Abigail, Bernard, Alexis, Chen, Hehe, Chiyonobu, Shun, Fernandez-Perez, Tatiana, Joshi, Kumar Batuk, Koukousioura, Olga, McCanta, Molly, Morris, Antony, Polymenakou, Paraskevi, Woodhouse, Adam, Yamamoto, Yuzuru, Wang, Kuo-Lung, Lee, Hao-Yang, Li, Xiaohui, Papanikolaou, Dimitrios

Issue&Volume: 2024-03-25

Abstract: Caldera-forming eruptions of silicic volcanic systems are among the most devastating events on Earth. By contrast, post-collapse volcanic activity initiating new caldera cycles is generally considered less hazardous. Formed after Santorini’s latest caldera-forming eruption of ~1600_BCE, the Kameni Volcano in the southern Aegean Sea enables the eruptive evolution of a recharging multi-cyclic caldera to be reconstructed. Kameni’s eruptive record has been documented by onshore products and historical descriptions of mainly effusive eruptions dating back to 197_BCE. Here we combine high-resolution seismic reflection data with cored lithologies from International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 398 at four sites to determine the submarine architecture and volcanic history of intra-caldera deposits from Kameni. Our shore-crossing analysis reveals the deposits of a submarine explosive eruption that produced up to 3.1km³ of pumice and ash, which we relate to a historical eruption in 726_CE. The estimated volcanic explosivity index of magnitude 5 exceeds previously considered worst-case eruptive scenarios for Santorini. Our finding that the Santorini caldera is capable of producing large explosive eruptions at an early stage in the caldera cycle implies an elevated hazard potential for the eastern Mediterranean region, and potentially for other recharging silicic calderas.

DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01392-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01392-7